Unit 4 History and Traditions知識(shí)點(diǎn)一、重點(diǎn)單詞

puzzlen. 謎，智力游戲；疑問(wèn) vt. 迷惑；使困惑

1、不知如何是好，感到困惑；in a puzzle

2、解開謎團(tuán)；solve a puzzle

3、帶著疑惑的表情:wear a puzzled expression

4、令人費(fèi)解的事實(shí)；a puzzling fact

Begingning a new life in a new place can be very puzzling.

belongvi. 應(yīng)在（某處）；適應(yīng)

歸屬感: a sense of belonging

這是誰(shuí)的課本？

Who does this textbook belong to?

他是高爾夫球俱樂(lè)部的成員。

He belongs to the golf club.

溫馨提示：belong to不用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。類似用法的還有take place, occur, happen等。

defendv. 防御，保護(hù)，辯解，辯護(hù)

保衛(wèi)......免受...... defend ... against/from...

→ defence n 防御；保衛(wèi)

1、為保衛(wèi)......；為......辯護(hù) in defence of...

2、為某人辯護(hù) in one’s defence

有什么論點(diǎn)能提出來(lái)為這個(gè)說(shuō)法辯護(hù)？

What points can be raised in defence of this argument.

溫馨提示：與defend ... from / against ... 用法類似的還有：prevent ... (from) ...; stop ... (from) ...; keep ... from ...; protect ... from / against ...等，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中from都不可省略。

surroundvt.圍繞；包圍

1、用......包圍...... surround...with…..

2、和......在一起，與......為伍: surround oneself with…..

→ surrounding 附近的，四周的

周圍環(huán)境:surrounding environment

→ surroundings 環(huán)境（復(fù)數(shù)）

1、欣賞環(huán)境: enjoy/admire the surroundings

2、美麗的環(huán)境:beautiful surroundings

3、適應(yīng)新環(huán)境:be/get used to the new surroundings.

evidentadj. 明顯的，顯然的

她顯然不開心。

It was evident that she was unhappy.

→ evidence n. 證據(jù)，根據(jù)，證明

1、尋找證據(jù):look for/search for evidence

2、找到證據(jù):find evidence

3、（出庭）作證: give evidence

4、醫(yī)學(xué)證據(jù):medical evidence

5、有力的證據(jù):strong evidence

6、一項(xiàng)證據(jù):a piece of evidence

achievementn. 成就；成績(jī)；達(dá)到

1、取的成就；make an achievment

2、某人在某方面的成就:one’s achievement in

3、在做某事方面取得成就: make an achievement in doing sth

4、偉大的、了不起的成就：a great /remarkable achievement

→ achieve vt. 實(shí)現(xiàn)；（經(jīng)過(guò)努力）取得，達(dá)到

→ achievable adj. 可實(shí)現(xiàn)的，可達(dá)到的:

fascinatingadj. 極有吸引力的；迷人的

1、迷人的地方；a fascinating place

2、引人入勝的故事: a fascinating story

3、看上去、聽(tīng)起來(lái)迷人:look/sound fascinating

4、令某人著迷: be fascinating to sb

5、看到不同的人怎樣處理這個(gè)問(wèn)題真是有趣極了。

It’s fascinating to see how different people approach the problem.

chargen.收費(fèi)；指控；主管 vt. 收費(fèi)；控告；充電

1、收他十美元修自行車費(fèi): charging him 10 dollars for repairing his bike.

2、指控他超速:charge him with speeding

3、免費(fèi): free of charge

請(qǐng)問(wèn)我可以和國(guó)際銷售部的負(fù)責(zé)人說(shuō)話嗎？

Could I speak to whoever is in charge of international sales, please.

你知道琳達(dá)是否愿意負(fù)責(zé)這個(gè)節(jié)目嗎？

Do you know if Linda is willing to take charge of the program?

announcevt.宣布；通知；聲稱

1、向某人宣布….. .announce sth to sb

2、據(jù)宣布 it is announced that ...

3、正如宣布的那樣 as is announced

At the end of the meeting, it was announced (announce) that an agreement had been reached.

→ announcement n. 通知，公告

官方公告: an official announcement

amountn. 金額；數(shù)量

1、大量地、少量地 in large/small amounts.

在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)他幾乎不能做完這些工作。

Hardly could he get through this amount of work in such short time.

A large amount of time has been spent in finishing this task so far.

approachn.方法；途徑；接近 vt 接近；接洽；著手處理 vi 靠近

1、走近房子 approach the house

2、看到、聽(tīng)到......接近 see/hear sb/sth approaching

3、容易接近、難以接近 be easy/difficult to approach

4、處理問(wèn)題 approach the problem/matter

5、......的來(lái)臨 the approach of….

6、做某事的方法 an approach to doing sth

7、在快到......的時(shí)候 at the approach of...

溫馨提示-表示“方法、方式”的短語(yǔ)薈萃：

approach to (doing) sth.

in this way to do/of doing sth.

with this method of doing sth.

in a...manner of doing sth.

generousadj.慷慨的；大方的；豐富的

1、對(duì)某人很慷慨be generous to

2、樂(lè)于做某事be generous in

3、在某方面很大方:be generous with sth

4、某人做某事真是慷慨。It is generous of sb to do sth.

沒(méi)有你的慷慨幫忙，我不可能熬過(guò)那段痛苦的日子。

I couldn’t have gone through that bitter period without your generous help.

→ generously adv.慷慨大方地

→ generosity n. 慷慨；大方

eageradj. 熱切的；渴望的

1、渴望做某事；be eager to do sth

2、渴望得到某事: be eager for sth

3、He’s a bright kind and eager to learn.

be eager that 希望；渴望。此時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)一般用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”這樣的虛擬語(yǔ)氣，should可以省略。

→ eagerly adv. 熱切地，渴望地

They’re eagerly waiting for the big day.

→ eagerness n. 熱切，渴望

People were pushing each other out of way in their eagerness to get to the front.

greetvt.問(wèn)候；迎接

1、迎接客人 greet guests

2、在機(jī)場(chǎng)迎接某人 greet sb at the airport

3、向某人點(diǎn)頭致意 greet sb with a nod.

Whenever I meet her, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.

→ greeting n.問(wèn)候；打招呼

crowdn. 人群；一群人；民眾 vt.擠滿；使......擁擠

1、一群、成群的人: a crowd of/crowds of people

2、在機(jī)場(chǎng)迎接某人: in the crowd

3、擠進(jìn)、涌入紐約中心: crowd into the center of new network

4、涌入某人的心頭:crowded into one’s mind

→ crowded 擁擠的，擠滿的

擠滿......be crowded with

In crowded (crowd) places like airports and railway station, you must take care of your luggage.

二、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)

1、 be similar to與......相似

(1)在某方面相似be similar in

(2)與......相同；the same as

(3)與......不同:be different from

(4)在......方面不同；be different in

Her ideas are quite similar to mine.

The two cars are very similar in size and design.

2、be confused by 對(duì)......感到困惑

(1)變得困惑:become/get confused

(2)困惑的感情: a confused expression

(3)把A和B弄混；confuse A with B

All the roads looked the same and he felt confused.

注意不要把數(shù)量與質(zhì)量混淆了。

Be careful not to confuse quantity with quality.

3、join..to..把......和......連接或聯(lián)結(jié)起來(lái)

(1)Connect…..with/to......把......跟......聯(lián)系起來(lái)

(2)與......“有關(guān)系、有聯(lián)系多種表達(dá)：

Be related to ; be linked with/to be involved in; be associated with;

have something to do with

(3)You have to join the smaller piece of wood to the main part.

4、 break away(from sb/sth)脫離；背叛；逃脫；克服（習(xí)慣）

(1)打碎；分裂；（會(huì)議或聚會(huì)）結(jié)束，散會(huì)；（團(tuán)體）解散:break up

(2)出故障；垮掉；失敗: break down

(3)突破:Break through

(4)（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、火災(zāi)）突然發(fā)生、爆發(fā):break out

上周史密斯家的汽車被撬了。

The Smiths had their car broken into last week.

那位老人不在家時(shí)，竊賊闖進(jìn)屋里了。

Thieves had broke in while the old man was away.

5、result in 結(jié)果為；導(dǎo)致；

(1)由于；源自:result from

(2)結(jié)果，因此: as a result

(3)作為......、的結(jié)果as a result of

(4)我們還在處理過(guò)去的因失誤所造成的問(wèn)題。

We are still dealing with problems resulting from errors made in the post.

6、as well as 同（一樣也）；和；還

(1)In this day and age, women can have children and jobs as well

(2)The basketball coach, as well as his team was interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.

(3)This training program can give you a gift at work, as well as increase your income by 40%.

7、leave behind 落下、忘帶；留下；把......拋在后面

(1)把我的傘落在火車上: leave my umbrella behind on the train.

(2)動(dòng)身去北京；leave for Beijing

(3)不要打擾我:leave me alone

(4)省去具體細(xì)節(jié):leave out details

(5)漏掉一個(gè)字母:leave out a letter

(6)他動(dòng)身前往華盛頓，把幾個(gè)孩子留給了他的母親。

He set off for Washington, leaving the children behind his mother.

8、date back to 起源于，追溯到

(1)這所學(xué)院創(chuàng)辦于中世紀(jì)。

The college dates back to medieval times.

(2)這些可以追溯到1855年的石階開始出現(xiàn)磨損。

The stone steps, dating back to 1885. Are beginning to wear.

9、keep your eyes open(for)

keep you eyes out (for ) 留心；留意

(1)吸引某人的注意: catch one’s eye

(2)注視，盯著看: fix one’s eyes on

(3)照看；留意；密切注意:keep an eye on

(4)對(duì)......有鑒賞力；have an eye for.

(5)直視某人:look sb in the eye

10、offer sb sth 向某人提供某物；offer sth to sb

(1)愿意、主動(dòng)提出做某事:offer to do sth

(2)提供幫助、提出建議:offer help/advice

(3)“提供給某人某物”的表達(dá)：provide sb with sth/provide sth for sb

Supply sb with sth/supply sth to sb

(4)-why did you have the position?

I was offered a better position at IBM.

11、make up 組成，構(gòu)成；編造；化妝；彌補(bǔ)

<1>組成一個(gè)隊(duì) ：make up a team

<2>編故事：make up a story

<3>編借口：make up an excuse

<4>在鏡子前化妝：make up before the mirror

<5>彌補(bǔ)損失：make up for the loss

12、breathe in 吸氣；吸入

(1)深呼吸：breathe deeply

(2)呼氣；呼出（氣體）；breathe out

(3)松一口氣: breathe a sigh of relief

(4)深吸一口氣: take a deep breath

(4)屏住呼吸；屏息以待；hold one’s breath

(5)上氣不接下氣；out of breath

三、重要句型

1、must have been一定做過(guò)某事

(1)我一定是在上歷史課的那一部分時(shí)睡著了。

I must have been asleep in that part of our history class.

(2)湯姆上班從來(lái)不遲到。為什么他今天缺席了？

-Tom is never late for work. Why is he absent today？

他一定是發(fā)生了什么事？

-something must have happened to him.

2、sb/sth is likely to do sth某人、某物有可能做某事

(1)你定能親身體驗(yàn)當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕土?xí)俗。

You are more than likely to experience local culture and customs first-hand….

(2)如果你在一個(gè)大家庭中長(zhǎng)大，你就更有可能發(fā)展與他人和睦相處的能力。

If you grow up in a large family, you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.